🔹 Deadjectival Nouns Ending in -ura

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The suffix -ura forms quality nouns from adjectives: amargo → amargura, blanco → blancura, dulce → dulzura, fresco → frescura, hermoso → hermosura. The RAE describes it as considerably productive within this class, and notes that it occasionally extends to adverbs (lejos → lejura) and to nouns (diablo → diablura). (RAE, NGLE §6.2ñ)

The central distinction: -ura derivatives on adjectives are quality nouns, while those formed on verbs express action or effect (sepultar → sepultura, pintar → pintura). This table therefore excludes deverbal formations.

Ordered approximately by frequency and usefulness.

#	Spanish Noun	Noun in English	Base Adjective	Base Adjective in English	Note
1	altura	height; altitude	alto	tall; high
2	locura	madness; crazy act	loco	crazy
3	hermosura	beauty	hermoso	beautiful
4	dulzura	sweetness; gentleness	dulce	sweet
5	ternura	tenderness	tierno	tender	ié ~ e
6	frescura	freshness; coolness; cheek	fresco	fresh; cool
7	amargura	bitterness (mostly figurative)	amargo	bitter
8	anchura	width	ancho	wide
9	blancura	whiteness	blanco	white
10	llanura	plain; flatness	llano	flat; level
11	gordura	fatness	gordo	fat
12	finura	fineness; refinement	fino	fine; refined
13	espesura	thickness; dense woodland	espeso	thick; dense
14	blandura	softness	blando	soft
15	hondura	depth	hondo	deep
16	bravura	bravery; ferocity	bravo	brave; fierce
17	cordura	good sense; sanity	cuerdo	sane; sensible	ué ~ o
18	travesura	mischief; prank	travieso	mischievous	ié ~ e
19	negrura	blackness	negro	black
20	estrechura	narrowness	estrecho	narrow
21	angostura	narrowness; narrows	angosto	narrow
22	largura	length	largo	long
23	lisura	smoothness; frankness; rudeness	liso	smooth
24	verdura	vegetable(s); greenness	verde	green
25	holgura	looseness; roominess; ease	holgado	loose; roomy	participial
26	soltura	fluency; ease	suelto	loose	participial, ué ~ o
27	desenvoltura	ease; self-assurance	desenvuelto	self-assured	participial
28	compostura	composure; repair; neatness	compuesto	composed; tidy	participial
29	apostura	elegant bearing	apuesto	handsome	participial, ué ~ o
30	curvatura	curvature	curvado	curved	participial
31	envoltura	wrapping; casing	envuelto	wrapped	participial
32	calentura	fever; strong desire	caliente	hot	frontera
33	flacura	thinness	flaco	thin
34	flojura	slackness; laziness	flojo	slack; lazy
35	tersura	smoothness	terso	smooth
36	grasura	greasiness	graso	greasy
37	grosura	fattiness; suet	grueso	thick; stout	ué ~ o
38	magrura	leanness	magro	lean
39	bajura	shallowness; inshore fishing	bajo	low; shallow
40	derechura	straightness	derecho	straight
41	tiesura	stiffness	tieso	stiff	también tesura
42	asperura	roughness	áspero	rough	poco usado
43	baratura	cheapness	barato	cheap
44	ricura	deliciousness; cuteness	rico	rich; delicious
45	lindura	prettiness	lindo	pretty
46	llenura	fullness	lleno	full
47	hartura	abundance; satiety	harto	full; fed up
48	contentura	contentment	contento	content
49	preciosura	beauty; lovely thing	precioso	lovely
50	donosura	charm; wit	donoso	witty; charming
51	galanura	elegance; gracefulness	galano	elegant
52	albura	whiteness; sapwood	albo	white (poetic)
53	grisura	greyness; dullness	gris	grey
54	amarillura	yellowness	amarillo	yellow
55	bermejura	reddishness	bermejo	reddish
56	rojura	redness	rojo	red
57	agrura	sourness; heartburn	agrio	sour	del antiguo agro
58	sabrosura	tastiness	sabroso	tasty	americano
59	chatura	flatness; mediocrity	chato	flat; snub-nosed	Chile, Río de la Plata, Andes
60	chuecura	crookedness; disloyalty	chueco	crooked	Méx., C. América, Chile, Andes
61	petisura	shortness of stature	petiso	short	rioplatense, andino
62	malura	malaise; unwellness	malo	bad; unwell	Chile, Argentina
63	buenamozura	good looks; elegance	buen mozo	good-looking	área caribeña
64	sinvergüenzura	shamelessness	sinvergüenza	shameless	americano
65	feúra	ugliness	feo	ugly	clásico; vivo en Andes y Caribe
66	carura	expensiveness	caro	expensive	uso juvenil reciente
67	listura	cleverness	listo	clever	raro; se prefiere listeza
68	calura	heat	cálido	hot	antiguo; cf. caluroso
69	grandura	largeness	grande	big	antiguo
70	longura	length	luengo	long	antiguo; hoy longitud
71	pesadura	heaviness	pesado	heavy	antiguo
72	mansura	meekness	manso	meek	antiguo; hoy mansedumbre
73	falsura	falseness	falso	false	antiguo; hoy falsedad
74	tristura	sadness	triste	sad	poco usado; hoy tristeza
75	diablura	mischief; devilry	diablo	devil	base sustantiva
76	lejura	distance; faraway place	lejos	far	base adverbial; Colombia, Venezuela, Andes

Vowel alternations:

Morphophonological irregularities are few, apart from /e/ ~ /ié/ and /o/ ~ /ué/: tierno → ternura, tieso → tiesura, cuerdo → cordura, grueso → grosura, suelto → soltura, apuesto → apostura. (RAE, NGLE §6.2o)

Contrasting pairs:

The suffix -ura competes with -or, -eza and others:

amargura (figurative: affliction) versus amargor (physical taste)
dulzura (abstract qualities: la dulzura de su mirada) versus dulzor (physical qualities: el dulzor de la miel). In American Spanish, dulzura covers both.
frescura (drifts toward figurative senses: freshness, cheek) versus frescor (physical quality)
riqueza versus ricura; flaqueza versus flacura; listeza versus listura
flojura, flojera and flojedad alternate

What is not included in this table:

Derivatives in -ura formed on verbal bases, which express action or effect rather than quality: sepultura (sepultar), pintura (pintar), hechura (hecho), rotura or ruptura (roto), cochura (cocho), abertura, apretura, fritura, ardura, candidatura, primogenitura. (RAE, NGLE §5.5i-j, §6.2ñ)

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