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Aula grátisThe suffix -oso/-osa is one of the most productive adjective-forming suffixes in modern Spanish. The RAE distinguishes formations based on nouns (arena → arenoso), verbs (gravar → gravoso), and adjectives (verde → verdoso), with the denominal, noun-based pattern by far the largest. (RAE, NGLE §7.3)
With noun bases, -oso/-osa commonly means:
The list is ordered approximately by contemporary frequency and general usefulness.
| # | Derived Adjective | In English | Base Noun | Base Noun in English |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | peligroso / peligrosa | dangerous | peligro | danger |
| 2 | famoso / famosa | famous | fama | fame |
| 3 | maravilloso / maravillosa | wonderful; marvelous | maravilla | wonder; marvel |
| 4 | poderoso / poderosa | powerful | poder | power |
| 5 | nervioso / nerviosa | nervous | nervio | nerve |
| 6 | exitoso / exitosa | successful | éxito | success |
| 7 | valioso / valiosa | valuable | valor | value |
| 8 | amoroso / amorosa | loving; affectionate | amor | love |
| 9 | ansioso / ansiosa | anxious; eager | ansia | anxiety; longing |
| 10 | furioso / furiosa | furious | furia | fury |
| 11 | respetuoso / respetuosa | respectful | respeto | respect |
| 12 | religioso / religiosa | religious | religión | religion |
| 13 | silencioso / silenciosa | silent; quiet | silencio | silence |
| 14 | cariñoso / cariñosa | affectionate; loving | cariño | affection |
| 15 | orgulloso / orgullosa | proud | orgullo | pride |
| 16 | vergonzoso / vergonzosa | shameful; embarrassing | vergüenza | shame |
| 17 | perezoso / perezosa | lazy | pereza | laziness |
| 18 | chistoso / chistosa | funny; humorous | chiste | joke |
| 19 | miedoso / miedosa | fearful; easily frightened | miedo | fear |
| 20 | asqueroso / asquerosa | disgusting | asco | disgust |
| 21 | ruidoso / ruidosa | noisy | ruido | noise |
| 22 | sabroso / sabrosa | tasty; flavorful | sabor | flavor; taste |
| 23 | doloroso / dolorosa | painful | dolor | pain |
| 24 | ambicioso / ambiciosa | ambitious | ambición | ambition |
| 25 | cuidadoso / cuidadosa | careful | cuidado | care |
| 26 | talentoso / talentosa | talented | talento | talent |
| 27 | mentiroso / mentirosa | lying; dishonest | mentira | lie |
| 28 | tramposo / tramposa | cheating; deceitful | trampa | trick; cheat |
| 29 | caprichoso / caprichosa | capricious; whimsical | capricho | whim |
| 30 | envidioso / envidiosa | envious | envidia | envy |
| 31 | celoso / celosa | jealous | celo(s) | jealousy |
| 32 | prestigioso / prestigiosa | prestigious | prestigio | prestige |
| 33 | riguroso / rigurosa | rigorous; strict | rigor | rigor; strictness |
| 34 | defectuoso / defectuosa | defective | defecto | defect |
| 35 | amistoso / amistosa | friendly; amicable | amistad | friendship |
| 36 | novedoso / novedosa | novel; innovative | novedad | novelty |
| 37 | caluroso / calurosa | hot; warm | calor | heat |
| 38 | lluvioso / lluviosa | rainy | lluvia | rain |
| 39 | aceitoso / aceitosa | oily; greasy | aceite | oil |
| 40 | jugoso / jugosa | juicy | jugo | juice |
| 41 | arenoso / arenosa | sandy | arena | sand |
| 42 | rocoso / rocosa | rocky | roca | rock |
| 43 | cremoso / cremosa | creamy | crema | cream |
| 44 | espumoso / espumosa | foamy; frothy | espuma | foam |
| 45 | lechoso / lechosa | milky | leche | milk |
| 46 | acuoso / acuosa | watery; aqueous | agua | water |
| 47 | fibroso / fibrosa | fibrous | fibra | fiber |
| 48 | grasoso / grasosa | greasy; fatty | grasa | fat; grease |
| 49 | sudoroso / sudorosa | sweaty | sudor | sweat |
| 50 | oloroso / olorosa | fragrant; odorous | olor | smell; odor |
| 51 | nuboso / nubosa | cloudy | nube | cloud |
| 52 | ventoso / ventosa | windy | viento | wind |
| 53 | tormentoso / tormentosa | stormy; troubled | tormenta | storm |
| 54 | boscoso / boscosa | wooded; forested | bosque | forest |
| 55 | montañoso / montañosa | mountainous | montaña | mountain |
| 56 | pedregoso / pedregosa | stony; rocky | piedra | stone |
| 57 | sedoso / sedosa | silky | seda | silk |
| 58 | baboso / babosa | slimy; slobbery | baba | saliva; slime |
| 59 | mocoso / mocosa | snotty; runny-nosed | moco | mucus |
| 60 | pecoso / pecosa | freckled | peca | freckle |
| 61 | casposo / casposa | dandruff-covered; flaky | caspa | dandruff |
| 62 | ojeroso / ojerosa | having dark circles under the eyes | ojera | dark circle under the eye |
| 63 | carnoso / carnosa | fleshy | carne | flesh; meat |
| 64 | espinoso / espinosa | thorny; difficult | espina | thorn; spine |
| 65 | barroso / barrosa | muddy | barro | mud |
| 66 | fangoso / fangosa | muddy; boggy | fango | mud |
| 67 | algodonoso / algodonosa | cottony; cotton-like | algodón | cotton |
| 68 | arcilloso / arcillosa | clayey | arcilla | clay |
| 69 | gelatinoso / gelatinosa | gelatinous | gelatina | gelatin |
| 70 | caudaloso / caudalosa | abundant; fast-flowing | caudal | flow; volume |
| 71 | mantecoso / mantecosa | buttery; fatty | manteca | fat; lard; butter |
| 72 | vinagroso / vinagrosa | vinegary; sour | vinagre | vinegar |
| 73 | bondadoso / bondadosa | kind; good-natured | bondad | kindness; goodness |
| 74 | piadoso / piadosa | pious; merciful | piedad | piety; mercy |
| 75 | vanidoso / vanidosa | vain | vanidad | vanity |
| 76 | rencoroso / rencorosa | resentful; rancorous | rencor | resentment; rancor |
| 77 | pudoroso / pudorosa | modest; bashful | pudor | modesty |
| 78 | receloso / recelosa | distrustful; wary | recelo | distrust; suspicion |
| 79 | deseoso / deseosa | eager; desirous | deseo | desire |
| 80 | vigoroso / vigorosa | vigorous | vigor | vigor; strength |
| 81 | espacioso / espaciosa | spacious | espacio | space |
| 82 | majestuoso / majestuosa | majestic | majestad | majesty |
| 83 | horroroso / horrorosa | horrible; dreadful | horror | horror |
| 84 | asombroso / asombrosa | astonishing; amazing | asombro | astonishment |
| 85 | angustioso / angustiosa | distressing; anguishing | angustia | anguish; distress |
| 86 | bochornoso / bochornosa | embarrassing; shameful | bochorno | embarrassment; shame |
| 87 | embarazoso / embarazosa | awkward; embarrassing | embarazo | difficulty; embarrassment |
| 88 | estrepitoso / estrepitosa | thunderous; resounding | estrépito | din; loud noise |
| 89 | estruendoso / estruendosa | thunderous; very noisy | estruendo | roar; din |
| 90 | calamitoso / calamitosa | calamitous; disastrous | calamidad | calamity |
| 91 | afectuoso / afectuosa | affectionate | afecto | affection |
| 92 | pomposo / pomposa | pompous; grandiose | pompa | pomp |
| 93 | esplendoroso / esplendorosa | splendid; radiant | esplendor | splendor |
| 94 | decoroso / decorosa | decent; decorous | decoro | decorum; dignity |
| 95 | ardoroso / ardorosa | ardent; passionate | ardor | ardor; passion |
| 96 | ocioso / ociosa | idle | ocio | idleness; leisure |
| 97 | airoso / airosa | graceful; successful | aire | air; manner |
| 98 | roñoso / roñosa | filthy; stingy | roña | grime; filth |
| 99 | andrajoso / andrajosa | ragged; tattered | andrajo | rag |
| 100 | caldoso / caldosa | brothy; containing much broth | caldo | broth |
| 101 | herboso / herbosa | grassy; covered with herbs | hierba | grass; herb |
| 102 | rizoso / rizosa | curly | rizo | curl |
| 103 | bulboso / bulbosa | bulbous | bulbo | bulb |
| 104 | giboso / gibosa | humped; gibbous | giba | hump |
| 105 | ulceroso / ulcerosa | ulcerous | úlcera | ulcer |
| 106 | varicoso / varicosa | varicose | variz | varicose vein |
| 107 | filamentoso / filamentosa | filamentous | filamento | filament |
| 108 | llagoso / llagosa | covered with sores | llaga | sore |
| 109 | grietoso / grietosa | cracked; full of cracks | grieta | crack |
| 110 | seboso / sebosa | greasy; tallow-like | sebo | tallow; grease |
| 111 | achacoso / achacosa | sickly; suffering from ailments | achaque | ailment |
| 112 | peñascoso / peñascosa | craggy; rocky | peñasco | crag; large rock |
| 113 | tempestuoso / tempestuosa | tempestuous; stormy | tempestad | tempest; storm |
| 114 | tumultuoso / tumultuosa | tumultuous | tumulto | tumult |
| 115 | laborioso / laboriosa | laborious; hardworking | labor | labor; work |
| 116 | supersticioso / supersticiosa | superstitious | superstición | superstition |
| 117 | infeccioso / infecciosa | infectious | infección | infection |
| 118 | sedicioso / sediciosa | seditious | sedición | sedition |
| 119 | tenebroso / tenebrosa | dark; sinister | tiniebla(s) | darkness |
| 120 | fructuoso / fructuosa | fruitful; productive | fruto | fruit; result |
A few formations involve important stem changes but are still analyzed synchronically as denominal by the RAE:
These changes involve stem alternation or haplology, rather than a different derivational class. (RAE §7.3g–l)
A clear example is aceite → aceitoso: "having oil" or "containing a lot of oil", exactly the interpretation described by the RAE. (DLE: aceitoso)
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