🔹 Denominal Adjectives Ending in -eño / -eña: N → A

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The suffix -eño/-eña forms relational adjectives from nouns, especially nouns denoting places, geographical areas, environments, and periods of time. It is also highly productive in gentilics. The RAE explicitly gives common-noun formations such as isla → isleño, lugar → lugareño, norte → norteño, prado → pradeño, ribera → ribereño, and sur → sureño. (RAE, NGLE §7.6ñ–o)

Proper place names are nouns too, so formations such as Madrid → madrileño and Brasil → brasileño belong to the broader denominal pattern.

Ordered approximately by contemporary frequency and usefulness.

#	Derived Adjective	In English	Base Noun	Base Noun in English
1	navideño	Christmas; Christmas-related	Navidad	Christmas
2	madrileño	from Madrid	Madrid*	Madrid
3	brasileño	Brazilian	Brasil	Brazil
4	norteño	northern; northerner	norte	north
5	sureño	southern; southerner	sur*	south
6	porteño	from Buenos Aires; port-city	puerto*	port
7	caribeño	Caribbean	Caribe	Caribbean
8	isleño	island; islander	isla	island
9	costeño	coastal; from the coast	costa	coast
10	hogareño	home-loving; domestic; home-related	hogar	home
11	ribereño	riverside; riverine; riparian	ribera	riverbank; shore
12	puertorriqueño	Puerto Rican	Puerto Rico	Puerto Rico
13	hondureño	Honduran	Honduras	Honduras
14	panameño	Panamanian	Panamá	Panama
15	salvadoreño	Salvadoran	El Salvador	El Salvador
16	limeño	from Lima	Lima	Lima
17	extremeño	from Extremadura	Extremadura*	Extremadura
18	malagueño	from Málaga	Málaga	Málaga
19	tinerfeño	from Tenerife	Tenerife*	Tenerife
20	caraqueño	from Caracas	Caracas*	Caracas
21	quiteño	from Quito	Quito	Quito
22	oaxaqueño	from Oaxaca	Oaxaca	Oaxaca
23	jalapeño	from Jalapa/Xalapa; jalapeño	Jalapa / Xalapa	Jalapa / Xalapa
24	trigueño	wheat-colored; golden-brown	trigo	wheat
25	aguileño	aquiline; eagle-like	águila	eagle
26	salteño	from Salta	Salta	Salta
27	santiagueño	from Santiago del Estero	Santiago del Estero	Santiago del Estero
28	jujeño	from Jujuy	Jujuy	Jujuy
29	chaqueño	from Chaco	Chaco	Chaco
30	lugareño	local; local inhabitant	lugar	place
31	arequipeño	from Arequipa	Arequipa	Arequipa
32	cuzqueño / cusqueño	from Cuzco/Cusco	Cuzco / Cusco	Cuzco / Cusco
33	paceño	from La Paz	La Paz*	La Paz
34	atacameño	from Atacama	Atacama	Atacama
35	catamarqueño	from Catamarca	Catamarca	Catamarca
36	formoseño	from Formosa	Formosa	Formosa
37	santacruceño	from Santa Cruz	Santa Cruz	Santa Cruz
38	cacereño	from Cáceres	Cáceres	Cáceres
39	gibraltareño	Gibraltarian	Gibraltar	Gibraltar
40	guayaquileño	from Guayaquil	Guayaquil	Guayaquil
41	caleño	from Cali	Cali*	Cali
42	manizaleño	from Manizales	Manizales	Manizales
43	merideño	from Mérida	Mérida	Mérida
44	margariteño	from Margarita Island	Margarita	Margarita
45	carabobeño	from Carabobo	Carabobo	Carabobo
46	tabasqueño	from Tabasco	Tabasco	Tabasco
47	acapulqueño	from Acapulco	Acapulco	Acapulco
48	tarijeño	from Tarija	Tarija	Tarija
49	puneño	from Puno	Puno	Puno
50	riobambeño	from Riobamba	Riobamba	Riobamba
51	lojeño	from Loja	Loja	Loja
52	imbabureño	from Imbabura	Imbabura	Imbabura
53	manileño	from Manila	Manila	Manila
54	angoleño	Angolan	Angola	Angola
55	congoleño	Congolese	Congo	Congo
56	asunceño	from Asunción	Asunción	Asunción
57	istmeño	isthmian; from the isthmus	istmo	isthmus
58	marismeño	marsh-related	marisma	marsh
59	pradeño	meadow-related	prado	meadow
60	campeño	field/countryside-related	campo*	field; countryside
61	abrileño	April-related; typical of April	abril	April
62	marceño	March-related; typical of March	marzo	March
63	guadalajareño	from Guadalajara (Spain)	Guadalajara	Guadalajara
64	borinqueño	Puerto Rican; from Borinquén	Borinquén	Borinquén / Puerto Rico

The non-toponymic core:

The non-toponymic core, formed on common nouns, is:

Navidad → navideño; norte → norteño; sur → sureño; isla → isleño; costa → costeño; hogar → hogareño; ribera → ribereño; trigo → trigueño; águila → aguileño; lugar → lugareño; istmo → istmeño; marisma → marismeño; prado → pradeño; campo → campeño; abril → abrileño; marzo → marceño.

The DLE directly confirms, for example, ribereño, costeño, hogareño, and explicitly analyzes aguileño as águila + -eño.

Important morphophonological details:

The asterisk (*) marks a base with an alternating or historical stem, rather than a completely transparent derivation.

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