🔹 Denominal Adjectives Ending in -ano / -ana

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The suffix -ano/-ana forms relational adjectives from nouns, especially names of places: huerta → huertano, ciudad → ciudadano, Roma → romano, México → mexicano. It is particularly important in forming gentilics, but it also attaches to common nouns and personal names.

#	Derived Adjective	In English	Base Noun	Base Noun in English
1	ciudadano	civic; citizen	ciudad	city
2	urbano	urban	urbe	city
3	americano	American	América	America
4	republicano	republican	república	republic
5	mexicano	Mexican	México	Mexico
6	romano	Roman	Roma	Rome
7	italiano	Italian	Italia	Italy
8	colombiano	Colombian	Colombia	Colombia
9	venezolano	Venezuelan	Venezuela	Venezuela
10	peruano	Peruvian	Perú	Peru
11	cristiano	Christian	Cristo	Christ
12	africano	African	África	Africa
13	cubano	Cuban	Cuba	Cuba
14	ecuatoriano	Ecuadorian	Ecuador	Ecuador
15	boliviano	Bolivian	Bolivia	Bolivia
16	australiano	Australian	Australia	Australia
17	coreano	Korean	Corea	Korea
18	castellano	Castilian	Castilla	Castile
19	ucraniano	Ukrainian	Ucrania	Ukraine
20	microbiano	microbial	microbio	microbe
21	sudafricano	South African	Sudáfrica	South Africa
22	mundano	worldly; mundane	mundo	world
23	aldeano	village; villager	aldea	village
24	serrano	mountain; highland	sierra	mountain range
25	provinciano	provincial	provincia	province
26	villano	villager; villainous†	villa	village; town
27	asturiano	Asturian	Asturias	Asturias
28	valenciano	Valencian	Valencia	Valencia
29	sevillano	Sevillian	Sevilla	Seville
30	veneciano	Venetian	Venecia	Venice
31	murciano	Murcian	Murcia	Murcia
32	siciliano	Sicilian	Sicilia	Sicily
33	jamaicano	Jamaican	Jamaica	Jamaica
34	nigeriano	Nigerian	Nigeria	Nigeria
35	guineano	Guinean	Guinea	Guinea
36	bogotano	from Bogotá; Bogotan	Bogotá	Bogotá
37	montevideano	from Montevideo	Montevideo	Montevideo
38	paisano	fellow countryman; countryman	país	country
39	hawaiano	Hawaiian	Hawái	Hawaii
40	californiano	Californian	California	California
41	floridano	Floridian	Florida	Florida
42	texano	Texan	Texas	Texas
43	toledano	from Toledo	Toledo	Toledo
44	sahariano	Saharan	Sáhara	Sahara
45	huertano	pertaining to a market garden; market-garden dweller	huerta	market garden
46	parroquiano	parish; parishioner; regular customer	parroquia	parish
47	hortelano	market-garden; gardener	huerto*	vegetable garden
48	zacatecano	from Zacatecas	Zacatecas	Zacatecas
49	temucano	from Temuco	Temuco	Temuco
50	cuencano	from Cuenca, Ecuador	Cuenca	Cuenca
51	meridano	from Mérida, Mexico	Mérida	Mérida
52	chadiano	Chadian	Chad	Chad
53	bostoniano	Bostonian	Boston	Boston
54	washingtoniano	Washingtonian	Washington	Washington
55	araucano	Araucanian	Arauco	Arauco
56	astorgano	from Astorga	Astorga	Astorga
57	leridano	from Lleida/Lérida	Lérida	Lleida
58	craneano	cranial (especially Am.)	cráneo	skull
59	lusitano	Lusitanian; Portuguese	Portugal*	Portugal
60	regiomontano	from Monterrey	Monterrey*	Monterrey
61	borincano	Puerto Rican	Puerto Rico*	Puerto Rico
62	malacitano	from Málaga	Málaga*	Málaga
63	napolitano	Neapolitan	Nápoles*	Naples
64	bilbilitano	from Calatayud	Calatayud*	Calatayud
65	astigitano	from Écija	Écija*	Écija
66	franciscano	Franciscan	Francisco	Francis
67	gregoriano	Gregorian	Gregorio	Gregory
68	mariano	Marian	María	Mary
69	luterano	Lutheran	Lutero	Luther
70	bolivariano	Bolivarian	Bolívar	Bolívar
71	freudiano	Freudian	Freud	Freud
72	darwiniano	Darwinian	Darwin	Darwin
73	kantiano	Kantian	Kant	Kant
74	newtoniano	Newtonian	Newton	Newton
75	cartesiano	Cartesian	Descartes*	Descartes
76	hegeliano	Hegelian	Hegel	Hegel
77	aristoteliano	Aristotelian	Aristóteles	Aristotle
78	copernicano	Copernican	Copérnico	Copernicus
79	galileano	Galilean	Galileo	Galileo
80	kafkiano	Kafkaesque; Kafkian	Kafka	Kafka
81	borgiano	Borgesian	Borges	Borges
82	borgeano	Borgesian	Borges	Borges
83	borgesiano	Borgesian	Borges	Borges
84	chomskiano	Chomskyan	Chomsky	Chomsky
85	saussureano	Saussurean	Saussure	Saussure
86	shakespeariano	Shakespearean	Shakespeare	Shakespeare
87	lorquiano	related to García Lorca	Lorca	García Lorca
88	calderoniano	related to Calderón	Calderón	Calderón
89	garcilasiano	related to Garcilaso	Garcilaso	Garcilaso
90	almodovariano	Almodóvarian	Almodóvar	Almodóvar
91	becqueriano	related to Bécquer	Bécquer	Bécquer
92	virgiliano	Virgilian	Virgilio	Virgil
93	horaciano	Horatian	Horacio	Horace
94	ignaciano	Ignatian	Ignacio	Ignatius
95	teresiano	Teresian	Teresa	Teresa
96	juliano	Julian	Julio	Julius/Julian
97	cidiano	related to El Cid	Cid	the Cid
98	herodiano	Herodian	Herodes	Herod
99	ramoniano	related to Ramón	Ramón	Ramón
100	rubeniano	related to Rubén Darío	Rubén	Rubén
101	simoniano	related to Simón	Simón	Simon
102	herculano	Herculean; related to Hercules	Hércules	Hercules
103	languedociano	from Languedoc	Languedoc	Languedoc
104	goetheano	Goethean	Goethe	Goethe
105	saussuriano	Saussurean (variant)	Saussure	Saussure

Important morphophonological details:

-ano/-ana is one of the major gentilic suffixes in Spanish. The choice of gentilic suffix is not predictable: México (Mexico) → mexicano (Mexican), but Chile → chileno (Chilean), Brasil (Brazil) → brasileño (Brazilian), Canadá (Canada) → canadiense (Canadian), Japón (Japan) → japonés (Japanese).
It also attaches to common nouns denoting places: huerta (orchard) → huertano, aldea (village) → aldeano (villager), ciudad (city) → ciudadano (citizen), sierra (mountain range) → serrano (highland).
The RAE recognizes formations associated with -iano: Bolívar → bolivariano (Bolivarian), Freud → freudiano (Freudian), Kant → kantiano (Kantian).
When the noun already provides the i before -ano, the RAE does not analyze -iano as a suffix: Murcia → murciano (from Murcia), Venecia (Venice) → veneciano (Venetian).
-eano appears mainly with bases ending in -e: Saussure → saussureano (Saussurean), Goethe → goetheano (Goethean).
The asterisk (*) marks a suppletive or historical base, not a transparent addition of -ano.
† Villano has undergone strong lexicalization: historically it relates to villa and originally referred to an inhabitant of a village, but its familiar modern meanings have developed considerably beyond this relationship.

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